The Lombard Review

Economy

Tariffs still aren't showing up in prices

The release of the May consumer price index, showing headline inflation advancing at a restrained 2.4 per cent year-on-year, once again confounded expectations of an immediate tariff-induced inflationary surge.

The "big beautiful bill" and its big bill

The House of Representatives cleared the administration’s signature legislative initiative—the sweeping 'One Big Beautiful Bill'—by a razor-thin partisan majority on 22 May.

Where are the tariff price rises?

Despite months of aggressive protectionist rhetoric and escalating border levies, official consumer price data continues to defy stagflationary warnings.

America and China call a truce

GDP shrank. The economy didn't

Advance estimates of first-quarter gross domestic product revealed an eye-catching headline contraction of −0.3 per cent, prompting sensationalist recession declarations across the financial press.

The import rush that will shrink GDP

The Fed quietly stops shrinking its bond pile

With minimal fanfare, the Federal Reserve executed a pivotal operational pivot in its quantitative tightening (QT) program.

The Fed sees slower growth and higher prices

The Federal Open Market Committee’s updated Summary of Economic Projections delivered a sobering reality check to market participants hoping for a smooth economic landing.

The recession forecast caused by gold bars

The Atlanta Fed’s widely followed GDPNow tracking model shocked financial markets by abruptly plunging to an annualized reading of −2.8 per cent for the first quarter.

Markets swap inflation fear for growth fear

Financial markets have undergone a decisive psychological pivot over the past fortnight: the primary driver of asset prices has shifted from inflation anxiety to acute growth deceleration fears.

January inflation strikes again

A blistering 0.5 per cent month-on-month advance in the January consumer price index, lifting the headline year-on-year rate to 3.0 per cent, reminded financial markets that inflation seasonality remains a persistent monetary hazard.

Special Report

Super Bowl: $8m ads, gloomy shoppers

CBS commanded an unprecedented $8 million per 30-second commercial slot for Super Bowl LIX, underscoring the enduring corporate appetite for live mass-audience spectacles.

600,000 jobs erased from the record

The Bureau of Labor Statistics delivered its annual benchmark revision to non-farm payrolls, officially subtracting nearly 600,000 jobs from the previously reported employment ledger for 2024.

How do you measure chaos?

Financial markets have found it trivial to price known economic risks, but pricing structural policy volatility has overwhelmed traditional econometric models.

Great jobs data, bad news for bonds

A headline non-farm payrolls gain of 256,000 for December delivered a resounding blow to bond investors betting on a rapid Federal Reserve easing campaign.

Why America borrows like it's in a crisis

The United States closed fiscal year 2024 with a budget deficit of $1.83 trillion, an extraordinary 6.4 per cent of gross domestic product generated in an economy operating at peacetime full employment.

Special Report

New Year's Eve: The dollar's big year

As the final trading session of 2024 concludes, foreign exchange markets can look back on an exceptional year of dollar supremacy.

How much inflation could tariffs add?

As Wall Street economic desks finalize their 2025 outlooks, quantitative modeling has shifted entirely to evaluating the macroeconomic consequences of prospective tariff scenarios.

Special Report

Christmas: A lump of coal from the Fed

For financial markets hoping for an extended season of monetary goodwill, the Federal Reserve’s December policy package felt distinctly like a lump of coal in the stocking.

The Fed cuts, then takes back half of next year's cuts

The Federal Reserve concluded 2024 with a calculated monetary retreat.

The Fed is about to cut, and sound tough doing it

The Federal Reserve enters its December policy meeting trapped in an intricate communication dilemma.

The inflation that won't budge

China finally promises to loosen up

The last mile of inflation is the hardest

The October core PCE price index advanced at an annualized rate of 2.8 per cent, marking the fourth consecutive month that core inflation has remained cemented near three per cent.

Special Report

Thanksgiving: Why eggs cost more this year

As American families gathered for Thanksgiving dinner, the annual American Farm Bureau Federation survey provided an interesting study in agricultural price dynamics.

How low will the Fed go?

The Federal Reserve delivered a measured 25-basis-point interest rate cut on 7 November, lowering the federal funds rate to 4.50–4.75 per cent.

Just 12,000 jobs: what storms and strikes hide

The October employment report delivered an astonishingly weak headline print, with non-farm payrolls expanding by a negligible 12,000 jobs.

Special Report

Halloween: The Fed cut, and yields went up

On Halloween, bond investors were confronted with a genuine fixed-income horror show.

The Fed cut rates. Why are mortgage rates rising?

In one of the most counterintuitive market moves of recent years, the Federal Reserve’s jumbo 50-basis-point interest rate cut was immediately followed by a sharp surge in long-term borrowing costs.

254,000 jobs, despite the hurricanes

The September employment report delivered an astonishing, market-rattling surprise: non-farm payrolls surged by 254,000 jobs, while previous months were revised upward by 72,000 and the unemployment rate retreated to 4.1 per cent.

The port strike that could hit Christmas

The shutdown of thirty-six major container ports along the US East and Gulf Coasts by 45,000 members of the International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA) delivered an immediate shock to retail and manufacturing supply chains.

The Fed goes big

Jerome Powell chose institutional boldness over gradualism at the September FOMC meeting, delivering an oversized 50-basis-point interest rate cut that lowered the benchmark rate to 4.75–5.00 per cent.

Cutting from strength, or from fear?

Special Report

Anniversary: Two years of calls, checked

Two years after this column launched amidst soaring inflation and aggressive rate increases, the macroeconomic landscape has completed a remarkable full circle.

The jobs numbers keep getting revised down

The August employment report delivered 142,000 new non-farm jobs—missing consensus expectations—while the previous two months were revised downward by an additional 86,000 positions.

Nobody's being fired. Nobody's being hired

The modern American labor market is characterized by a bizarre, low-velocity equilibrium: employers have ceased firing existing workers, but they have also virtually stopped hiring new ones.

Special Report

Labor Day: Is the job market cracking?

As American workers celebrated Labor Day, the domestic labor market stood at a precarious cyclical crossroads.

America had 818,000 fewer jobs than we thought

Is it finally time to cut?

The July consumer price index confirmed that the inflationary dragon has been subdued, with headline inflation dropping below three per cent to 2.9 per cent year-on-year for the first time since March 2021.

Wall Street's fear gauge hits 65. What happened?

Financial markets experienced a moment of acute systemic vertigo on Monday, 5 August.

The recession alarm goes off

The July employment report delivered a severe shock to financial markets, with payroll growth decelerating to 114,000 and the national unemployment rate jumping to 4.3 per cent.

Small caps soar as crowded bets unwind

A historic rotation has swept Wall Street’s trading desks.

Prices fall for the first time since 2020

For the first time since the initial disruptions of the 2020 pandemic, the US headline consumer price index registered an outright month-on-month decline, falling 0.1 per cent in June.

The Fed now sees just one cut

The Federal Open Market Committee delivered a cold bath of realism to interest rate optimists at its June gathering.

What happens to the euro when the ECB cuts first

With euro short-term rate (€STR) futures pricing a near-certainty of a 25-basis-point rate cut at the European Central Bank’s 6 June meeting, foreign exchange desks are positioning for transatlantic divergence.

How far can Europe cut before the Fed does?

The European Central Bank is preparing to cross a monetary Rubicon.

Special Report

Memorial Day: Petrol prices and the summer inflation bump

Memorial Day weekend traditionally marks the unofficial commencement of the American summer driving season, and with retail gasoline prices averaging roughly $3.59 per gallon, motorists are absorbing an unhedged holiday tax.

One soft inflation report: signal or noise?

Fixed-income markets experienced an immense wave of relief on 15 May, as the April consumer price index printed at 3.4 per cent year-on-year, while core prices slowed to 0.3 per cent month-on-month—the first deceleration in four months.

Are workers finally getting more productive?

The macroeconomic consensus has pinned its hopes on an artificial intelligence-driven productivity boom to deliver non-inflationary growth.

The Fed slows its balance-sheet shrinking

At its May policy meeting, the Federal Reserve delivered an important structural adjustment to its monetary plumbing by announcing a substantial taper of its quantitative tightening (QT) programme.