The Lombard Review

Saudi Arabia keeps oil above $90

An oil refinery near Port Dickson, Malaysia.
An oil refinery near Port Dickson, Malaysia. Photo: AyyanD/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0

Riyadh has re-established itself as the undisputed price-maker of the global energy market. By extending its unilateral one-million-barrel-per-day production cut through the end of the year, Saudi Arabia has engineered a synthetic supply deficit that has driven Brent crude back above $90 a barrel. The move is a masterclass in cartel discipline, delivered with complete indifference to Washington's inflation concerns.

A view of Kuwait City.
A view of Kuwait City. Photo: Abdullah Alqattan/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 2.0

Engineering the Backwardation

By actively starving physical crude markets, Saudi Aramco has driven the futures curve into deep backwardation, penalising commercial inventory holders and forcing global refiners to draw down commercial stockpiles. With US Strategic Petroleum Reserves already depleted, the Biden administration has no immediate policy lever to counter the output restraint. Higher crude prices will feed directly into transportation costs, re-igniting headline consumer price prints.

A Pacific Wings Caravan heads for the gate.
A Pacific Wings Caravan heads for the gate. Photo: Bill Abbott/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 2.0

Riyadh’s unyielding output discipline proves that while central banks can manipulate overnight interest rates, physical commodity cartels still dictate the ultimate clearing price of the global economy.

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