The Lombard Review

Cyber Monday: The hidden debt of buy now, pay later

Costco gas pump buttons, New Orleans, December 2, 2025.
Costco gas pump buttons, New Orleans, December 2, 2025. Photo: Infrogmation/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0

Cyber Monday set another towering commercial record, with online spending reaching $13.3 billion. Yet retail finance analysts focused on a more startling milestone: nearly $1 billion of that total was financed via 'Buy Now, Pay Later' (BNPL) schemes, marking a historic peak in deferred consumer credit.

Singapore's Downtown Core, home to the headquarters of numerous corporations and the Singapore Exchange.
Singapore's Downtown Core, home to the headquarters of numerous corporations and the Singapore Exchange. Photo: Unknown/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0

The Shadow Leverage Squeeze

The staggering reliance on short-term installment debt reveals the growing financial stress of the middle-class consumer. With traditional credit card borrowing rates exceeding twenty-two per cent, shoppers are turning to unregulated point-of-sale shadow loans to finance routine holiday gifts. Because BNPL loans are largely invisible to traditional credit bureaus, the true leverage of the American consumer is severely underestimated.

The Tanjong Pagar housing estate, with the Pinnacle@Duxton in the background.
The Tanjong Pagar housing estate, with the Pinnacle@Duxton in the background. Photo: Bob T/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0

Cyber Monday’s record reliance on Buy Now, Pay Later schemes exposes the fragile underbelly of consumer spending, mortgaging future household cash flows to manufacture present-day retail records.

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